TUMOUR MARKERS -- a Review

AFP: = raised—in-- ENDODERMAL SINUS TUMOUR (yolk sac tumors), hepatoma, Teratoma.
(Note in down’s synd. AFP. is decreased and in seminoma and dysgerminoma it is not raised / not found.)

Alpha-HCG: --Pituitary tumour & zollinger-ellison synd.

Beta 2 microglobulin = for multiple myeloma,

Beta-HCG: = in Choriocarcinoma.

BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 ---- Breast Cancer Gene 1 and Breast Cancer Gene 2 ---- breast or ovarian cancer

Bence Jones Proteins---Multiple myeloma,

CA 15-3----in BREAST Ca.

CA 19-9 is a tumour marker---used in pancreatic carcinoma,

CA 72-4--- Gastric CA.

CA 125—in OVARIAN Ca., Epithetial(esp. SEROUS)

Calcitonin ---in medullary thyroid carcinoma

CEA ---- Carcinoembryonic Antigen ---- colorectal ca.

CALLA---B cell ALL and AML in Blast phase.

Her-2/neu ---- Human epidermal growth factor receptor ---- breast cancer tumor = positive for Her-2/neu = guides treatment and determine prognosis.

INHIBIN --GRANULOSA CELL TUMOUR

LDH: ---in DYSGERMINOMA

Neuron Specific Enolase-(NSE)-----neuroblastoma, small cell carcinoma lung...

PSA -- Prostate specific antigen ---- Prostate cancer,

Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP)---- Metastatic prostate cancer.

Thyroglobulin --HTg human thyroid thyroglobin = for differentiated thyroid tumour only.

TESTOSTERONE: --in LEYDIG CELL T, SERTOLI CELL TUMOUR, HILUS CELL Tumour